What material should be used for underground water distribution in plumbing?

Using copper or copper-alloy materials for underground water distribution in plumbing systems is a widely accepted practice due to several important characteristics. Copper is highly resistant to corrosion, which is crucial for any material that will be buried underground where moisture and soil conditions can promote rust and decay in other materials. This resistance contributes to the longevity and reliability of the plumbing system, reducing the need for costly repairs or replacements over time.

Additionally, copper has excellent thermal conductivity, which can be beneficial in applications where water heating is involved. It also has antimicrobial properties, which helps maintain water quality by minimizing the potential for bacterial growth in the pipes.

While other materials like cast iron, ABS plastic, or brass have their own uses in plumbing, they may not provide the same level of durability and safety for underground water distribution. Cast iron can corrode, ABS plastic can degrade under certain environmental conditions, and brass, while better than cast iron, tends to be more susceptible to dezincification than copper. Therefore, copper or copper alloys are the preferred choice for ensuring a safe, long-lasting underground water distribution system.